字词猜测解题技巧根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是英语阅读理解题重要出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。1猜词词义题：方法：①利用同义或近义词来猜测②利用反义词猜词③利用上下文语境猜词④利用定义或解释猜词⑤利用例证清词⑥利用复叙或同等关系猜词⑦利用词义搭配，关联猜词⑧利用经验和常识猜词⑨根据语境转折清词⑩利用构词法来猜词陷阱：一个单词往往不只一层含义，注意深层含义。方法1词义猜测法词义猜测指通过构词、定义、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义。通常包括生词释义、熟词新义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词汇的理解辨别能力。A woman bought a parrot from a pet store.However,the woman decided to return the parrot to the shop the nextday."This bird doesn't talk,"she told the pet shop owner."Does he have a mirror in his cage ()?the owner asked."Parrots love mirrors."The woman bought a mirror and left.The next day she came back,saying that the bird still wasn't talking.The underlined word "parrot"in paragraph 1 means "in Chinese.A孔雀C鸽子D.老鹰精品考试学习文档上www.okokn.comSt©pl:分析理解词汇所在句的含义：一位女士从宠物店买了一只。判断parrot的含义且原句没有太多线索，需继续在下文中找线索。Step2:定位分析线索句："This bird doesn'talk,"she told the pet shop owner..(“这只鸟不会说话”，她告诉宠物店老板。)St©p3:定位答案：结合选项及常识可知，选项中“鹦鹉”可以学会说话，划线词应意为“鹦鹉”，确定答案为方法2短语猜测法短语猜测是指利用上下文语境推测短语的意义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词组的理解辨别能力。Jim likes sugar and cakes very much.He always eats some food with sugar before going to bed.One morning,Jim was crying in bed before he got up."What's the matter,dear?"his mother asked in a hurry."I've got a toothache,"said Jim.So his mother took him to the dentist's.The dentist looked him over and pulled out his bad tooth at last.Two days later,Jim went to school.Mrs.Hunt asked him,"What was the matter with you those days,Jim?""I had a had toothache,madam,"answered Jim."Oh,I'm sorry to hear that,"said Mrs.Hunt."Is it better now?""I don't know,madam.I left it at the dentist's."What is the Chinese meaning of the underlined phrase "pull out"?A切开B.拔掉C缝补St©pl:分析理解词汇所在句的含义：牙医给他做了检查，最后他的坏牙：Step2:定位分析线索句：The dentist looked him over(检查)and pulled out his bad tooth at last..以及最后一句I left it at the dentist's.(我把它留在了牙医店，此处的it指代坏的牙齿)：St©p3:定位答案：分析可知，牙医检查了他的牙齿，并最后拔掉了坏牙，确定答案为B。方法3根据近义词/反义词猜测词义法在同一、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个单词的意思，就能猜出另外一个单词的意思。此外，有时作者也会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词/短语常见的有：(whether)or,unlike,.but,yet,however,,while,.although,instead,ratherhan,on the other hand等精品考试学习文档上www.okokn.com